In legal matters, the terms “lawyer” and “advocate” are often used interchangeably. Lawyers and advocates are the professionals who present legal evidence in courts of law so that legal redress can be obtained. They play a crucial role in interpreting the law, guiding clients through complex legal procedures, and ensuring that justice is served. Their responsibilities extend beyond courtroom arguments; they also provide legal advice, prepare documentation, negotiate settlements, and represent individuals or organisations in various legal matters. Whether dealing with civil disputes, criminal cases, corporate issues, or constitutional matters, these legal professionals act as the backbone of the judicial system.

While these two words are often used interchangeably, they have some fundamental differences. The purpose of this article is to explain the difference between a lawyer and an advocate in layman’s terms!

Who is called a lawyer?

A lawyer is a professional who has completed their legal education and obtained a law degree. They are authorized to provide legal advice, draft legal documents, represent clients in legal matters, and advocate for their client’s interests.

Lawyers have a deep understanding of the law and its applications. They are trained to analyze legal issues, and research relevant cases and statutes. They guide individuals, businesses, or organizations seeking legal assistance.

Lawyers can specialize in various areas of law, such as criminal law, civil law, corporate law, family law, intellectual property law, etc. They can work in law firms, government agencies, corporate legal departments, non-profit organizations, or as independent practitioners.

Their responsibilities include conducting legal research and advising clients on legal matters. Also, they deal in preparing contracts and legal documents, negotiating settlements, and representing clients in court proceedings.

Who is called an Advocate?

An advocate is a specific category of lawyers who are authorized to represent clients in court proceedings. In some jurisdictions, the term “advocate” is used to refer specifically to lawyers who are registered with the Bar Council. They have the right to appear before courts and present cases on behalf of their clients.

Advocates have fulfilled additional requirements beyond obtaining a law degree. These requirements may include passing a bar examination and completing a period of practical training. The training must full filling specific criteria set by the regulatory body governing the legal profession in their jurisdiction.

The role of an advocate primarily revolves around litigation. They are responsible for preparing legal arguments and presenting cases before judges or juries. Besides, they cross-examined witnesses, presented evidence, and advocated for their client’s interests in court.

Advocates possess the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate the complexities of the courtroom and present their clients’ cases effectively.

It’s important to note that the usage of the term “advocate” and the specific requirements for becoming an advocate may vary between countries and legal systems.

In some jurisdictions, the term “advocate” may have a broader meaning. It encompasses all lawyers who practice law, while in others, it may refer specifically to lawyers who are registered and authorized to appear in court.

Difference Between Lawyer And Advocate: Highlights

Here are some key points highlighting the differences between a lawyer and an advocate:

Definition

• Lawyer: Anyone who has completed a law degree (LLB).
• Advocate: A lawyer who has cleared the AIBE exam and is registered with a State Bar Council.

Right to Practice in Court

• Lawyer: Can give legal advice but cannot represent clients in court unless enrolled as an advocate.
• Advocate: Is entitled to represent clients in all courts of India.
  

Courtroom Appearance

• Lawyer: Cannot argue in court.
• Advocate: Can argue, plead, and present cases in court.
  

Professional Status

• Lawyer: A broader term including all LLB graduates.
• Advocate: A specialised legal professional who practices litigation.
  

Licensing Requirement

• Lawyer: No license from the Bar Council is required to call oneself a lawyer.
• Advocate: Must hold a Certificate of Practice issued by the Bar Council.
  

Work Opportunities

• Lawyer: Corporate firms, legal consultancy, in-house counsel, compliance roles.
• Advocate: Litigation, courtroom practice, criminal/civil cases, tribunals.
  

Code of Conduct

• Lawyer: Not bound by the Bar Council’s Advocate Ethics Rules.
• Advocate: Must follow strict professional ethics and conduct rules.
  

Professional Identity

• Lawyer: Can work in non-litigation or advisory roles.
• Advocate: Primarily associated with litigation and court matters.

Ability to Charge Legal Fees

• Lawyer: Can charge for consultation and documentation work.
• Advocate: Can charge for both consultation and representation in court.

Career Path

• Lawyer: May choose corporate law, legal writing, research, or compliance.
• Advocate: Progresses through litigation roles—from junior advocate to senior advocate.
  

Conclusion

While the terms “lawyer” and “advocate” are often used interchangeably, the legal system in India recognizes the difference between lawyer and advocate. Lawyers possess a law degree and can provide legal services and advice.

On the other hand, advocates are a subset of lawyers who have undergone additional training. They are registered with the State Bar Council. Advocates have exclusive rights to represent clients in court. They are subject to stricter regulations and professional ethics. Understanding the differences between lawyers and advocates is essential for individuals seeking legal assistance in India and for aspiring legal professionals.

Also Read: Top 10 Essential Skills Needed to Become a Lawyer